Psy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders Essay.

Anxiety, Mood, and Dissociative Disorder Matrix Abnormal Psychology Disorders| DSM-IV-TR Criteria| Examination of Classifications and Symptoms| A. Anxiety Disorders:| | | 1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)| A. Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation) about two (or more) domains of activities or events (for example, domains like family, health, finances, and school/work difficulties)B. The excessive anxiety and worry occur on more days than not for three months or more (APA, 2000) Examination of Classifications and SymptomsC. The anxiety and worry are associated with one or more of the following symptoms: 1.Psy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders Essay.

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Restlessness or feeling keyed up or on edge2. Being easily fatigued3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank4. Irritability5. Muscle tension6. Sleep disturbance (difficulty falling or staying asleep, or restless unsatisfying sleep)D. The anxiety and worry are associated with one or more of the following behaviors:a. Marked avoidance of situations in which a negative outcome could occurb. Marked time and effort preparing for situations in which a negative outcome could occurc. Marked procrastination in behavior or decision-making due to worriesd. Repeatedly seeking reassurance due to worries E.

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The focus of the anxiety and worry are not restricted to symptoms of another disorder, such as Panic Disorder (e. g. , anxiety about having a panic attack), Social Anxiety Disorder (e. g. , being embarrassed in public), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e. g, anxiety about being contaminated), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e. g. , anxiety about being away from home or close relatives), Anorexia Nervosa (e. g. , fear of gaining weight), Somatization Disorder (e. g. , anxiety about multiple physical complaints), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (e. g. , worry about perceived appearance flaws), Hypchondriasis (e. . , belief about having a serious illness), and the anxiety and worry do not occur exclusively during Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. F. The anxiety, worry, or physical symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. G. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. g. , a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e. g. , hyperthyroidism) and does not occur exclusively during a Mood Disorder, a Psychotic Disorder, or an Autism Spectrum Disorder. APA, 2000)| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the populationGAD = 5% populationPD = 1-2% populationPhobias = 9-24% populationOCD = 1-2. 5% populationPTSD = over 8% population(Hansell & Damour, 2008). | 2. Panic Disorder| A. Both (1) and (2):1. Recurrent unexpected Panic attacks. 2. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one (or more) of the following:a. Persistent concern about having additional attacksb. Worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences(e. g. , losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”)c.Psy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders Essay.

A significant change in behavior related to the attacksB. The presence (or absence) of AgoraphobiaC. The Panic Attacks are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. g. , a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e. g. , hyperthyroidism). D. The Panic Attacks are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Social Phobia (e. g. , occurring on exposure to feared social situations), Specific Phobia (e. g. , on exposure to a specific phobic situation), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e. g. on exposure to dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e. g. , in response to stimuli associated with a severe stressor), or Separation Anxiety Disorder (e. g. , in response to being away from home or close relatives). (APA, 2000)| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the population:PD = 1-2% population (Hansell & Damour, 2008)| 3. Phobias| A. Both (1) and (2):1. Recurrent unexpected Panic Attacks 2. At least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one (or more) of the following:a. Persistent concern about having additional attacksb.

Worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences(e. g. , losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”)c. A significant change in behavior related to the attacksB. The presence (or absence) of Agoraphobia. C. The Panic Attacks are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. g. , a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e. g. , hyperthyroidism). D. The Panic Attacks are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Social Phobia (e. g. , occurring on exposure to feared social situations), Specific Phobia (e. g. on exposure to a specific phobic situation), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e. g. , on exposure to dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e. g. , in response to stimuli associated with a severe stressor), or Separation Anxiety Disorder (e. g. , in response to being away from home or close relatives). (APA, 2000)| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the population Phobias = 9-24% Population(Hansell & Damour, 2008)| 4. Obsessive-compulsive Disorder| A. Either obsessions or compulsions:Obsessions as defined by (1), (2), (3), and (4):1.

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress2. The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems3. The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action4. The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without as in thought insertion)Compulsions as defined by (1) and (2):1.

Repetitive behaviors (e. g. , hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e. g. , praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the person counting, repeating words silently) that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly2. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessiveB.

At some point during the course of the disorder, the person has recognized that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. Note: This does not apply to children. C. The obsessions or compulsions cause marked distress, are time consuming (take more than 1 hour a day), or significantly interfere with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or usual social activities or relationships. D. If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or compulsions is not restricted to it (e. g. preoccupation with food in the presence of an Eating Disorder; hair pulling in the presence of Trichotillomania; concern with appearance in the presence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder; preoccupation with drugs in the presence of a Substance Use Disorder; preoccupation with having a serious illness in the presence of Hypochondriasis; preoccupation with sexual urges or fantasies in the presence of a Paraphilia; or guilty ruminations in the presence of Major Depressive Disorder). E. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e. . , a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition. (APA,2000)| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the population OCD = 1-2. 5% population(Hansell ; Damour, 2008)| 5. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder| A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:1. The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others2.Psy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders Essay.

The person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behaviorB. The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in one (or more) of the following ways:1. Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note: In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or aspects of the trauma are expressed. 2. Recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content. . Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific reenactment may occur. 4. Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event5. Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic eventC.

Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more) of the following:1. Efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the trauma2. Efforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma3. Inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma4. Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities5. Feeling of detachment or estrangement from others6.

Restricted range of affect (e. g. , unable to have loving feelings)7. Sense of a foreshortened future (e. g. , does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span)D. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by two (or more) of the following:1. Difficulty falling or staying asleep2. Irritability or outbursts of anger3. Difficulty concentrating4. Hypervigilance5. Exaggerated startle responseE. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria B, C, and D) is more than 1 month. F.

The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Specify if:Acute: if duration of symptoms is less than 3 monthsChronic: if duration of symptoms is 3 months or moreWith Delayed Onset: if onset of symptoms is at least 6 months after the stressor(APA, 2000)| Lifetime Estimated Prevalence of Anxiety disorders in the population PTSD = over 8% pop(Hansell & Damour, 2008)| Acute stress disorder (ASD)| A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:1.

The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others2. The person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horrorB. Either while experiencing or after experiencing the distressing event, the individual has three (or more) of the following dissociative symptoms:1. Subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or absence of emotional responsiveness2. A reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings (e. . , “being in a daze”)3. De-realization4. Depersonalization5. Dissociative amnesia (i. e. , inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma)C. The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in at least one of the following ways: recurrent images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, or a sense of reliving the experience; or distress on exposure to reminders of the traumatic event. D. Marked avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma (e. g. , thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, people).Psy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders Essay.