Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
Why Steroids Should be Legal to the Public and in Sports
Public Speaking Touchstone 2 Template
Complete the following template, including all parts. Fill out all cells using complete sentences, aiming for one to three complete sentences for each cell of the template.
PART 1: TOPIC
| Purpose | What are you hoping to achieve with this speech? |
The purpose of this speech is to advocate for the legalization of steroids, providing arguments centered on medical supervision, transparency, harm reduction, equality in sports, reduction of black-market trade, informed choices, scientific research, and public health benefits. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
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| Audience | Who will be in your audience? What do you know about them? |
| The audience for this speech are the general public, athletes, policymakers, and individuals interested in the topic of steroid legalization. | |
| Thesis | What is the key message of your speech? |
| The key message of the speech is to argue for the legalization of steroids, emphasizing the potential benefits of medical supervision, transparency, harm reduction, equality in sports, reduction of black-market trade, informed choices, scientific research, and public health benefits. |
PART 2: SOURCES
SOURCE 1
| Source Title | Promoting fairness in sport through performance-enhancing substances: An argument for why sport referees ought to “be on drugs.” |
| Author(s) Name | The authors for this source include Thomas Sobirk Peterson & Francisco Javier Lopez Frias |
| Retrieved from | Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. |
| The article was published in 2020 in the journal of Sport, Ethics and Philosophy: Taylor and Francis Online
https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1761868
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| Age | How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? |
| The publication date of 2020 indicates that the data and information presented in the source are approximately 3 years old as of the current date in 2023. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper | |
| Depth | What does the source cover?
How well-researched and detailed is the source? How much depth is the topic covered in? |
| The source covers the underexplored topic of using performance-enhancing substances or methods to improve refereeing in sports. It argues that, from a fairness perspective, the use of such substances to enhance refereeing should receive more attention in the sports philosophy literature, drawing parallels with athletes’ use of these substances. The article discusses the positive effects of performance-enhancing substances on fairness and addresses possible objections to this proposal. The source is well-researched, given that it is published in a peer-reviewed journal. It provides extensive coverage, presents a well-reasoned argument, and discusses potential objections. The source’s content and level of detail are relevant to discussions on fairness and ethics in sports, specifically pertaining to the use of performance-enhancing substances by referees. It could be of interest to sports philosophers, ethicists, and those involved in sports administration and regulation. | |
| Author | How is the author qualified to speak on the topic? What is the author’s purpose? What biases might they have? Is the information the author’s opinion alone or do cited facts support it? Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
| Thomas Sobirk Peterson is a Correspondence at the Department of Philosophy and Science Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark, while Francisco Javier Lopez Frias works at Rock Ethics Institute, Penn State University, USA. The author’s purpose is to argue for the use of performance-enhancing substances or methods by referees in sports to enhance fairness. The source aims to stimulate debate on this topic and challenges the prevailing views on doping in sports.
Potential biases in the source might include a bias towards advocating for a novel and unconventional idea, which is referees’ use of doping substances. It may also exhibit a bias towards the fairness perspective, potentially downplaying the health risks and ethical concerns associated with doping. The information presented in the source is not solely the author’s opinion; it is based on an argument supported by cited facts and logical reasoning. The authors are making a case for their position within the context of existing literature and ethical considerations. |
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| Money | Who funds the website or publication? Are there items endorsed or for sale? If so, what items? What is the reputation of the website or publication? |
| The journal “Sport, Ethics and Philosophy” is typically funded by Taylor & Francis, a well-established academic publishing company. Subscriptions and academic institutions primarily support academic journals like this. The journal does not appear to endorse or sell items, as its primary focus is publishing peer-reviewed research articles in sports ethics and philosophy. Taylor & Francis is a reputable publisher known for maintaining rigorous editorial standards and facilitating the dissemination of scholarly work. |
SOURCE 2
| Source Title | Reframing the debate over performance-enhancing drugs: The reasonable athlete argument. |
| Author(s) Name | Matthew C. Altman |
| Retrieved from | Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. |
| The article was published in the journal of Sport, Ethics and Philosophy: Taylor and Francis Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2023.2266581 | |
| Age | How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? |
| The data was published in 2023. The information presented is current, being less than one year old. | |
| Depth | What does the source cover?
How well-researched and detailed is the source? How much depth is the topic covered in? |
| The article critically examines the arguments against performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in sports, focusing on fairness and the protection of athletes’ health. It proposes the “reasonable athlete argument” as a new framework for addressing the use of PEDs, balancing fairness and safety considerations.
The source is well-researched, as it is published in an academic journal and provides references to other works in the field of sports ethics and philosophy. While it covers the topic in depth over 14 pages, it mainly explores a specific ethical argument related to PEDs and provides a comprehensive overview of PEDs in sports. The source’s content and level of detail are relevant to academics, researchers, and scholars in the field of sports ethics and philosophy. It offers a new perspective on the debate surrounding PEDs, addressing issues of fairness, athlete autonomy, and health, which can be valuable for those engaged in philosophical discussions on sports ethics. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
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| Author | How is the author qualified to speak on the topic? What is the author’s purpose? What biases might they have? Is the information the author’s opinion alone or do cited facts support it? |
| The author, M. C. Altman, is qualified to speak on the topic as the article is published in a peer-reviewed journal, indicating expertise in the field of sports ethics and philosophy. The author’s purpose is to present and defend the “reasonable athlete argument” as a new framework for evaluating the use of PEDs in sports. This argument seeks to address the ethical dilemmas associated with PEDs and propose a more balanced approach that respects the autonomy of athletes.
The article advocates for a more nuanced approach to PEDs in sports, emphasizing individual athlete choices, fairness, and safety. Biases could include a focus on individual autonomy and ethical considerations over strict prohibition. The information in the source is not the author’s opinion alone; it is supported by cited facts, referencing other works and arguments in the field of sports ethics and philosophy. |
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| Money | Who funds the website or publication? Are there items endorsed or for sale? If so, what items? What is the reputation of the website or publication? |
| The source is published in the journal “Sport, Ethics and Philosophy,” a reputable academic publication known for maintaining rigorous editorial standards and facilitating scholarly discussions in sports ethics and philosophy.
The source does not appear to endorse or sell any items. Academic journals typically do not promote commercial products or endorsements. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
SOURCE 3
| Source Title | Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access. BMC Public Health, 19(1). |
| Author(s) Name | Orlanda Harvey, Steve Keen, Margarete Parrish, & Edwin van Teijlingen |
| Retrieved from | Where did you get this source? Include location, book, periodical, url, etc. |
| This source was published in BMC Public Health journal. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7288-x | |
| Age | How recent is the data or information presented in your source? When was the source published? If the source is a website, when was the website last updated? |
| The source is a systematic scoping review published in the BMC Public Health journal in 2019. | |
| Depth | What does the source cover?
How well-researched and detailed is the source? How much depth is the topic covered in? |
| It covers the topic of support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) and aims to identify the nature and scope of information and support accessed and wanted by non-prescribed AAS users. The source provides a detailed exploration of the information and support sought by AAS users, including harm minimization, research and information seeking, and support for health issues. The review highlights barriers to accessing support and the need for more targeted and specific support for AAS users. The source is well-researched and offers an in-depth analysis of the topic. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
The source’s content and level of detail are relevant to professionals in the fields of public health, substance misuse, and harm reduction, as well as researchers and policymakers. It provides valuable insights into AAS users’ support needs and preferences, which can inform the development of more effective support services. |
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| Author | How is the author qualified to speak on the topic? What is the author’s purpose? What biases might they have? Is the information the author’s opinion alone or is it supported by cited facts? |
| The authors, including O. Harvey and S. Keen, are qualified to speak on the topic as they conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature and analyzed the available evidence on support for AAS users. Their qualifications and research expertise in public health and substance use are evident in the thorough analysis presented in the source.
The author’s purpose is to identify and synthesize the available evidence on support for AAS users, including the information and support accessed and wanted by this population. The source is not opinion-based; it is based on a systematic review of existing literature, and the findings are supported by cited facts and references. |
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| Money | Who funds the website or publication? Are there items endorsed or for sale? If so, what items? What is the reputation of the website or publication? |
| BMC Public Health’s publication is funded through various sources, including institutional support, grants, and article processing charges. The source does not endorse or sell any items. It is a reputable and peer-reviewed journal in the field of public health and epidemiology, known for maintaining rigorous editorial standards and publishing high-quality research. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
PART 3: SUPPORT
SUPPORT #1
| Support | What is the piece of support (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony) that you are going to use in your speech? E.g. “50% of all American voters…” |
| In the US, just under 54,000 16–59-year-olds reported having used Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS). | |
| Type of Support | What type of support is it? Is it an example, a statistic, an analogy, a definition, a visual, a story, or a testimony? |
| Statistics | |
| Relevance | How does this piece of support reinforce your message? |
| This statistic provides concrete evidence of the prevalence of AAS use in the US, highlighting the issue’s significance. It underscores the need for effective support services for this group. |
SUPPORT #2
| Support Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper | What is the piece of support (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony) that you are going to use in your speech? E.g. “50% of all American voters…” |
| AAS users tended to prefer peer advice and support over that of professionals and access information online via specialist forums, reflecting the stigma that AAS users experience | |
| Type of Support | What type of support is it? Is it an example, a statistic, an analogy, a definition, a visual, a story, or a testimony? |
| Example | |
| Relevance | How does this piece of support reinforce your message? |
| This example illustrates the importance of peer support and the impact of stigma on AAS users, emphasizing the need for tailored support services. It highlights the preference for non-professional sources of help. |
SUPPORT #3
| Support | What is the piece of support (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony) that you are going to use in your speech? E.g. “50% of all American voters…” Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
| “People who use substances are the experts in their own use… it is important to understand what support people who use AAS wish to receive.” | |
| Type of Support | What type of support is it? Is it an example, a statistic, an analogy, a definition, a visual, a story, or a testimony? |
| Testimony | |
| Relevance | How does this piece of support reinforce your message? |
| This testimony emphasizes the user’s perspective, underlining the importance of involving AAS users in shaping support services. It highlights the need for user-centered support. |
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SUPPORT #4
| Support | What is the piece of support (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony) that you are going to use in your speech? E.g. “50% of all American voters…” |
| “Users expressed a desire to treat IPED-related physical problems, e.g. abscesses and the need for specific services such as blood screening.” | |
| Type of Support | What type of support is it? Is it an example, a statistic, an analogy, a definition, a visual, a story, or a testimony? |
| Analogy | |
| Relevance | How does this piece of support reinforce your message? |
| This analogy draws a parallel between the support needed by AAS users for physical health issues and the need for specialized services to address these problems effectively. It emphasizes the demand for targeted support for health-related concerns. |
SUPPORT #5
| Support Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper | What is the piece of support (example, statistic, analogy, definition, visual, story, testimony) that you are going to use in your speech? E.g. “50% of all American voters…” |
| Diagram or chart depicting the sources from which AAS users seek information and support, such as NSPs, pharmacies, doctors, online forums, and experienced users. | |
| Type of Support | What type of support is it? Is it an example, a statistic, an analogy, a definition, a visual, a story, or a testimony? |
| Visual | |
| Relevance | How does this piece of support reinforce your message? |
| Using a visual aid helps the audience quickly understand the diverse sources of support and information sought by AAS users. It makes the message more accessible and memorable by providing a clear overview of the support network. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
PART 4: REFLECTION
| What have you learned from completing this activity? |
| Completing this activity has reinforced the importance of thorough research and source evaluation when preparing a speech or presentation. It highlights the significance of selecting diverse and credible sources of information to support the message effectively. Each source should serve a specific purpose in reinforcing a speech’s key points and arguments. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
I’ve learned that various types of support, such as statistics, examples, analogies, testimonies, and visuals, can be powerful tools to convey information and make the message more engaging. Each type of support serves a unique role in presenting information and should align with the content and context of the speech. For instance, statistics are essential for providing quantitative evidence and establishing the credibility of the speaker’s claims, while examples and analogies help make complex concepts relatable and understandable to the audience (Eldridge, 2019). Testimonies add a human element to the speech, providing real-life experiences and perspectives, and visuals can make complex data or relationships more accessible. In addition, it is crucial to consider the relevance of each piece of support to the speech’s purpose, audience, and message. This activity has reinforced the importance of aligning the support with the primary message and ensuring that each piece of support contributes to the overall effectiveness of the speech. Considering the potential biases of the sources, such as the author’s perspective or the publication’s funding, is also crucial to maintaining credibility and transparency. Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper |
References
Altman, M. C. (2023). Reframing the debate over performance-enhancing drugs: The reasonable athlete argument. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2023.2266581
Eldridge, H. (2019). Juror comprehension of forensic expert testimony: A literature review and gap analysis. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 1, 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2019.03.001
Harvey, O., Keen, S., Parrish, M., & van Teijlingen, E. (2019). Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7288-x
Petersen, T. S., & Lopez Frias, F. J. (2020). Promoting fairness in sport through performance-enhancing substances: An argument for why sport referees ought to “be on drugs.” Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2020.1761868 Promoting Fairness in Sport Discussion Essay Paper
