Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Research Article Appraisal, Part Two

Legal & Ethical Issues

1. Briefly discuss institutional review board approval for the study.

2. Explain how ethical principles of research (beneficence/harm, justice, privacy, and autonomy) were followed to protect subjects, if that was explained or implied.

3. If the study included subjects from a vulnerable population as described in the textbook, describe any additional safeguards used to protect them.

ORDER  HERE A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Measurement Tools

Fill out the table below for the major variables in the study (NOT demographic variables).  You can add rows as needed, depending on how many measurement tools were used.  Boxes can be expanded for more content. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Data Collection

1. Describe data collection procedures described in the study. Include who collected the data, at what time points, and how data was collected. Evaluate how clearly and completely the procedures were described.

2. If more than one data collector was used for the study, describe the training of the data collectors, and how/whether interrater reliability was adequately assessed.

Data Analysis

1. List the statistical procedures performed to describe the sample or demographic variables.

2. List the statistical procedures performed to answer the research question(s) or main study variables. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

3. Discuss the appropriateness of the statistical procedures for the level of measurement of the data collected. Utilize the statistical decision tree in the textbook, Chapter 21, Fig.21.7.

4. Describe how the researcher(s) addressed any problems with missing data, if they did.

5. Describe the level of significance (alpha) set for this study.

6. Discuss the clarity of the presentation of study results (e.g. if tables or figures were used, clear description, etc.).

Researcher Interpretation of Findings

1. Describe the key findings of the study in relation to the purpose statement or hypotheses.

2. Evaluate the clarity of the authors’ explanation of key findings, including statistically significant & non-significant findings.

3. Discuss whether the key findings were clinically significant or clinically important.

4. Describe which findings were consistent with those expected, and any which were unexpected in your opinion.

5. Describe the implications for practice identified by the authors.

6. Summarize the suggestions for future studies (research) identified by the authors.

Overall Evaluation of the Entire Study

1. Discuss two strengths of the study.

2. Discuss two weaknesses of the study, and how each weakness could have been corrected.

3. Based on the previous research presented in the literature review and the findings of the study presented in this article, discuss whether the findings are ready for use in practice

Research Article Appraisal, Part Two

Legal & Ethical Issues

1. Briefly discuss institutional review board approval for the study.

The research complied with the ethical guidelines established in the Belmont Report. Throughout the study, the researchers obtained informed consent from all subjects and safeguarded their welfare and rights. The researchers outlined data collection, protection and storage procedures to ensure data privacy and security.  Additionally, consent forms were developed and included the study’s objective, processes, benefits and risks to achieve informed consent.

2. Explain how ethical principles of research (beneficence/harm, justice, privacy, and autonomy) were followed to protect subjects, if that was explained or implied.

The researchers implied beneficence by explaining that the aim of the study was to use nurse care coordination program to improve patient care experiences and clinician teamwork. The study minimized harm by ensuring data security and the protection of privacy of participants. Notably, all the nurses had equal opportunities from the nurse care coordination program and were treated equitably throughout the study.

3. If the study included subjects from a vulnerable population as described in the textbook, describe any additional safeguards used to protect them.

The vulnerable population studied in the research is nurses. The researchers can further safeguard nurses by using data anonymization to address potential harm the nurses’ confidentiality and privacy. Developing a resolution for addressing moral distress or ethical dilemma, providing education and training, and encouraging open communication is key to improving the nurses’ safety during the research. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Measurement Tools

Fill out the table below for the major variables in the study (NOT demographic variables).  You can add rows as needed, depending on how many measurement tools were used.  Boxes can be expanded for more content.

Data Collection

1. Describe data collection procedures described in the study. Include who collected the data, at what time points, and how data was collected. Evaluate how clearly and completely the procedures were described.

CG-CAHPS survey was used to collect patient care experiences at the health center. The data was collected by the authors of the study and entailed mailing a copy of the survey in English and Spanish. An organizational assessment survey was administered to primary care team members via internet or paper. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

2. If more than one data collector was used for the study, describe the training of the data collectors, and how/whether interrater reliability was adequately assessed.

The demographic and parent characteristics of the patients were described using descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations. SPSS version 23 was used to perform the Independent Sample t-tests, and a [alpha] level of.05 was utilized throughout for statistical significance. The instrument used to quantify how stressed out parents felt about the NICU’s physical and psychosocial surroundings was called the Parental Stressor Scale for Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

Data Analysis

1. List the statistical procedures performed to describe the sample or demographic variables.

The researchers used analytical and descriptive statistical methods.

2. List the statistical procedures performed to answer the research question(s) or main study variables.

” X2 test and the t-test.” and the demographic data survey were the key statistical procedures. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

3. Discuss the appropriateness of the statistical procedures for the level of measurement of the data collected. Utilize the statistical decision tree in the textbook, Chapter 21, Fig.21.7.

The researchers used appropriate statistical procedures to arrive at the presented results. Frequency analysis were determined for the nominal data, descriptive statistics for the ordinal data, and regression analysis for exploring relationships and developing predictions.

4. Describe how the researcher(s) addressed any problems with missing data, if they did.

The demographics datasheet reveal comprehensive survey information addressing any missing data.

5. Describe the level of significance (alpha) set for this study.

The study used an alpha level of 0.5 for statistical significance.

6. Discuss the clarity of the presentation of study results (e.g. if tables or figures were used, clear description, etc.).

Results were presented clearly as data was presented using 4 tables, the first three tables showing data about levels of education of parents while infant demographics were included in table 4. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Researcher Interpretation of Findings

1. Describe the key findings of the study in relation to the purpose statement or hypotheses.

The study established no significant improvement (p>0.05) on patient care experiences across all high-risk patients. Program enrollees were 5% above the baseline reports (p=0.07), an improvement. The results suggest a value improvement strategy, as positive effects of adding care coordination were established within the first 6 months of implementation.

2. Evaluate the clarity of the authors’ explanation of key findings, including statistically significant & non-significant findings.

The authors of the study have presented the results in an easy and straightforward manner, ensuring the audience grasps the key findings without confusion or ambiguity.

3. Discuss whether the key findings were clinically significant or clinically important.

The key findings are clinically significant as they contribute to improvement of care coordination as key to high quality care. The results help nurses put into practice nurse care coordination programs, whereby nurses give more attention and support to patients who require it, such as those who have various medical and behavioral health difficulties, are moving from the hospital to home, or who have a chronic condition.

4. Describe which findings were consistent with those expected, and any which were unexpected in your opinion. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

The consistent findings of the study included an improvement in for program enrollees, no problematic contextual factors and a significant increase of office visits for enrolled patients (p<0.001). The results which were unexpected included a slight improvement of patient care across all high-risk patients (p>0.05).

5. Describe the implications for practice identified by the authors.

The results indicate that adding care coordination to the nursing function can promote some improvement in important measures, particularly patient care experiences and access to care via office visit frequency, in a relatively short period of time. With additional time, there may also be a noticeable improvement in the relationships between clinicians.

6. Summarize the suggestions for future studies (research) identified by the authors.

Futures studies should focus on how managers should prepare for a increase in office visits related to care coordination in the first few months (and maybe years) and explore staffing during regular business hours, weekend appointments, and/or extending office hours throughout the week as all possible ways to increase capacity to handle more office visits. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Overall Evaluation of the Entire Study

1. Discuss two strengths of the study.

The study contributes to the recognition that better treatment and reduced costs are connected with healthcare provider coordination. Another strength established that within six months of implementation, there were some favorable outcomes, indicating the efficacy of this improvement technique. Care coordination was added to the responsibilities of nurses.

2. Discuss two weaknesses of the study, and how each weakness could have been corrected.

The first weakness is that the authors of the study have less influence over the experimental setup, thus find it difficult to rule out factors that could confound their findings. Another weakness is true randomization is frequently absent from quasi-experiments, which can cause selection bias and make it challenging to establish causal links between variables.

3. Based on the previous research presented in the literature review and the findings of the study presented in this article, discuss whether the findings are ready for use in practice.

Yes, the findings are ready for use in practice as they suggest value improvement strategy. Patients with coordination needs, such as individuals with a chronic illness, making the move from the hospital to the home, or dealing with a number of medical and behavioral health challenges, receive special care and assistance from nurses. In this method, nurses closely collaborate with specific patients and healthcare professionals to coordinate multispecialty treatment and assist patients in managing their conditions. Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion

Reference List

Nembhard, I.M., Buta, E., Lee, Y.S.H. et al. A quasi-experiment assessing the six-months effects            of a nurse care coordination program on patient care experiences and clinician teamwork         in community health centers. BMC Health Serv Res 20, 137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4986-0 Nurse Care Coordination Program on Patient Care Experiences Discussion